Hauv qab no yog kev qhia luv luv txog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, hom thiab kev ntsuam xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam tshuaj preservatives.
1.Txoj kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawmcov tshuaj preservatives
Cov tshuaj preservatives feem ntau yog cov tshuaj uas pab tua lossis tiv thaiv cov kab mob me me hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tswj tau qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntev.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov tshuaj preservatives tsis yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob - lawv tsis muaj cov nyhuv bactericidal muaj zog, thiab lawv tsuas yog ua haujlwm thaum siv ntau txaus lossis thaum lawv muaj kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov kab mob me me.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob inhibit microbial kev loj hlob los ntawm kev thaiv cov synthesis ntawm cov enzymes metabolic tseem ceeb nrog rau kev txwv tsis pub cov synthesis ntawm cov protein hauv cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub cell lossis cov synthesis ntawm nucleic acid.
2.Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj preservatives
Muaj ntau yam ua rau cov tshuaj preservatives ua haujlwm zoo. Lawv suav nrog;
a.Cov Nyhuv ntawm pH
Kev hloov pauv ntawm pH ua rau muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov organic acid preservatives, thiab yog li cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov preservatives. Piv txwv li, ntawm pH 4 thiab pH 6, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol ruaj khov heev.
b.Cov teebmeem ntawm cov gel thiab cov khoom khov kho
Cov hmoov av xws li Koalin, magnesium silicate, txhuas thiab lwm yam, uas feem ntau yog cov hmoov uas muaj nyob hauv qee cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, uas feem ntau nqus tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nqus cov kab mob uas muaj nyob hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov polymer gel uas yaj tau hauv dej thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pab txo qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv seem hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab qhov no kuj txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
c.Cov nyhuv solubilization ntawm cov surfactants nonionic
Qhov kev yaj ntawm ntau yam surfactants xws li nonionic surfactants hauv preservatives kuj cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov dej num ntawm preservatives. Txawm li cas los xij, cov roj-soluble nonionic surfactants xws li HLB = 3-6 paub tias muaj peev xwm deactivation ntau dua ntawm preservatives piv rau cov dej soluble nonionic surfactants nrog HLB tus nqi siab dua.
d.Cov nyhuv ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv
Muaj lwm yam xws li cua sov, lub teeb thiab lwm yam, uas yog lub luag haujlwm ua rau cov tshuaj preservatives puas tsuaj, yog li ua rau lawv cov tshuaj tua kab mob txo qis. Ntau ntxiv, qee qhov ntawm cov teebmeem no ua rau muaj kev tshuaj tiv thaiv biochemical vim yog kev siv hluav taws xob tua kab mob thiab tua kab mob.
e.Lwm yam haujlwm
Ib yam li ntawd, lwm yam xws li qhov muaj cov tsw qab thiab cov neeg sawv cev chelating thiab kev faib cov tshuaj preservatives hauv roj-dej ob-theem kuj tseem yuav pab txo qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj preservatives rau qee qhov.
3.Cov yam ntxwv antiseptic ntawm cov tshuaj preservatives
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj preservatives yog qhov tsim nyog xav txog. Muaj cov tshuaj preservatives ntau dhau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce yuav ua rau nws khaus, thaum qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov concentration yuav cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj antiseptic.cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj preservativesTxoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los ntsuam xyuas qhov no yog siv qhov kev sim tshuaj lom neeg uas cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus inhibitory concentration (MIC) thiab qhov kev sim cheeb tsam inhibition.
Kev xeem voj voog Bacteriostatic: Qhov kev xeem no yog siv los txiav txim siab cov kab mob thiab pwm uas muaj peev xwm loj hlob sai heev tom qab cog rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim nyog. Hauv qhov xwm txheej uas daim ntawv lim dej uas muaj cov tshuaj preservative raug poob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub phaj kab lis kev cai, yuav muaj lub voj voog bacteriostatic tsim nyob ib puag ncig vim yog kev nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj preservative. Thaum ntsuas qhov txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub voj voog bacteriostatic, nws tuaj yeem siv ua tus ntsuas los txiav txim siab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj preservative.
Nrog rau qhov no, nws tuaj yeem hais tias lub voj voog bacteriostatic siv txoj kev ntawv nrog lub cheeb> = 1.0 hli yog qhov zoo heev. MIC yog xa mus rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj preservative uas tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv ib qho nruab nrab kom tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, MIC me dua, qhov muaj zog ntawm cov tshuaj preservative.
Lub zog lossis cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau yog qhia tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus inhibitory concentration (MIC). Los ntawm kev ua li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog dua yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus nqi me dua ntawm MIC. Txawm hais tias MIC tsis tuaj yeem siv los sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm bactericidal thiab bacteriostatic, surfactants feem ntau paub tias muaj cov nyhuv bacteriostatic ntawm qhov concentration qis thiab cov nyhuv sterilization ntawm qhov concentration siab.
Qhov tseeb, ob yam kev ua ub no tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm rau lub sijhawm sib txawv, thiab qhov no ua rau lawv nyuaj rau cais. Vim li no, lawv feem ntau raug muab lub npe ua kev tua kab mob lossis tsuas yog kev tua kab mob.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-10-2021