Cov hom thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom noj saj thiab ntxhiab tsw

1. Ntau yam khoom noj saj thiab tsw qab
Qhov feem pua ​​ntawm cov saj zaub mov me me heev, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau ua qee qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev nyab xeeb thiab kev noj qab haus huv, thiab tsuas yog siv tau tom qab ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm kev noj qab haus huv. Muaj ntau hom saj zaub mov, faib ua cov khoom khov thiab kua raws li daim ntawv ntau npaum li cas. Cov saj khov muaj cov saj microcapsule thiab lwm yam. Cov saj kua tuaj yeem faib ua cov saj yaj hauv dej, cov saj yaj hauv roj thiab cov saj emulsified. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem faib ua pawg los ntawm cov saj thiab kev siv.
Cov tshuaj tsw qab me me yog ua los ntawm cov tsw qab thiab cov tshuaj pleev xim (xws li cov hmoov txhuv nplej hloov kho, thiab lwm yam) los ntawm kev emulsification thiab tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev oxidation thiab volatilization poob, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau kev ntxiv tsw rau cov dej haus khov thiab cov khoom qab zib. Cov dej-soluble essence yog ua los ntawm dej distilled lossis ethanol ua cov tshuaj diluent thiab cov txuj lom noj tau, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov dej qab zib thiab lwm yam tsw qab. Cov roj-soluble tsw yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw propylene glycol nrog cov tsw qab zaub mov, thiab lwm yam, feem ntau yog siv rau kev qab zib khoom qab zib thiab ncuav qab zib. Emulsifying essence yog ib theem roj uas muaj cov tsw qab zaub mov, cov roj zaub mov, cov tshuaj tswj hwm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, cov tshuaj antioxidants, cov tshuaj preservatives, thiab lwm yam, thiab ib theem dej uas muaj cov emulsifiers, cov xim, cov tshuaj preservatives, cov thickeners, cov tshuaj qaub thiab dej distilled, thiab lwm yam, ua los ntawm emulsification thiab kev sib xyaw siab siab, feem ntau yog siv rau cov dej qab zib thiab dej haus txias, txhim kho tsw, xim lossis turbidity.

2. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom noj saj thiab tsw qab
Cov tsw qab ntawm cov khoom noj yog ib yam khoom noj tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam khoom noj. Hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus nws yog nws lub cev, muaj ntau tshaj ib txhiab hom. Cov hom tsw qab tuaj yeem muab faib ua:
(1) Cov tsw qab ntuj. Nws yog ib yam khoom ntuj uas tau rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu (cov txuj lom) los ntawm kev siv lub cev. Feem ntau, cov neeg nqa cov tsw qab ntuj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov kab mob tsiaj txhu, nplooj, tshuaj yej thiab noob. Cov txheej txheem rho tawm yog rho tawm, distillation thiab concentration. Vanilla extract, cocoa extract, strawberry extract thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev rho tawm. Peppermint roj, fennel roj, cinnamon (osmanthus) roj, eucalyptus roj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev distillation. Txiv kab ntxwv roj, txiv qaub roj thiab citrus roj tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev distillation. Kua txiv apple concentrate, mango concentrate, txiv kab ntxwv kua concentrate thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev concentration. Muaj ntau dua 5,000 cov khoom siv raw uas tuaj yeem rho tawm cov saj zaub mov hauv ntiaj teb, thiab ntau dua 1,500 feem ntau siv.
(2) Cov tsw qab ntuj. Hom tsw qab no tau los ntawm kev kho tshuaj ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj lossis kev tsim cov khoom cuav thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab ntuj zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj lom neeg.
(3) Cov tsw qab ua los ntawm cov khoom siv dag. Nws tau txais los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv dag thiab lwm txoj hauv kev tshuaj lom neeg thiab tsis tau lees paub tias cov tshuaj lom neeg ntuj tsim ntawm cov tshuaj. Yog tias pom muaj nyob rau hauv xwm thiab tswj hwm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg, nws yog sib npaug rau cov tsw qab ntuj. Tsuav yog muaj cov khoom siv raw hauv cov essence yog synthetic, uas yog, cov khoom siv dag.
⑷ Cov tsw qab uas ua los ntawm txoj kev microbial. Nws yog ib qho essence uas tau los ntawm kev fermentation ntawm microbial lossis enzymatic reaction.
(5) Cov tshuaj tsw qab uas muaj zog. Hom tsw qab no yog los ntawm Maillard cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov protein uas ua kom sov thiab txo cov suab thaj, thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv nqaij, chocolate, kas fes, thiab malt aroma.

Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev faib tawm cov tsw qab, cov tsw qab ntawm cov khoom noj muaj xws li: cov tsw qab kua (soluble hauv dej, soluble hauv roj, emulsifying), uas cov tshuaj tsw qab suav txog 10% -20%, cov kuab tshuaj (dej, propylene glycol, thiab lwm yam) suav txog 80% -90%; Cov tsw qab emulsion, suav nrog cov kuab tshuaj, emulsifier, kua nplaum, stabilizer, pigment, acid thiab antioxidant, 80% - 90%; Cov tsw qab hmoov, uas cov tshuaj tsw qab suav txog 10% -20%, tus neeg nqa khoom suav txog 80% -90%.

Kev tsim cov tsw ntawm hmoov yog sai heev, thiab nws muaj ntau yam kev siv rau hauv cov dej haus, khoom noj txom ncauj, khoom ci thiab lwm yam. Muaj peb hom tsw ntawm hmoov uas feem ntau siv:
(1) Cov hmoov tsw qab hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib tov: ntau cov hmoov tsw qab sib tov ua ke, xws li tsib-txuj lom hmoov, curry hmoov, thiab lwm yam; Feem ntau ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw no los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntuj, thiab hauv kev npaj cov nqaij tsw qab; Vanilla hmoov, vanillin, thiab lwm yam, kuj yog cov hmoov tsw qab hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib tov.
(2) Hmoov tsw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm adsorption: lub essence yog heev adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cab kuj, thiab cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov tsw no yuav tsum muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj volatility; Ntau yam nqaij saj feem ntau yog hmoov tsw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv adsorbed.
(3) Daim ntawv txheej ntawm cov hmoov microcapsule yog cov hmoov tsw qab siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam zaub mov niaj hnub no.
Qhov microgelatinization ntawm cov tsw yog ib txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb rau kev ntim khoom, kev cais tawm, kev khaws cia, kev tso tawm qeeb thiab kev kho kua ntawm cov tsw, nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog khaws cov tsw qub rau lub sijhawm ntev, thiab khaws cov tsw zoo dua kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tsw los ntawm oxidation thiab lwm yam.
Qhov teebmeem no muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb thiab siv tau dav rau lwm cov hmoov tsw qab hauv kev lag luam khoom noj. Cov lus luv luv raws li nram no: kev tsim cov dej haus khov kho feem ntau siv txoj kev tsuag kom qhuav, txoj kev nqus tsev kom qhuav thiab txoj kev ua kom qhuav kom qhuav, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv cov kua tsw qab, yuav tsum tau cua sov kom tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj, qhov tsw ntawm cov khoom yuav raug cuam tshuam.

Txoj kev sib tov hmoov qhuav yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov dej haus khov. Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, ntau yam khoom xyaw hmoov raug sib xyaw ncaj qha nrog cov hmoov microgel, tsis tas yuav ua kom sov, thiab cov saj ntawm cov khoom tseem tsis hloov pauv. Kev siv cov hmoov microgel granule tsw rau cov dej haus khov yog qhov yooj yim rau kev siv, yooj yim sib tov sib npaug, tsis ua rau qhov kub ntawm cov khoom tsw nce ntxiv, cov khoom khaws cov hmoov qub, thiab yuav tsis hloov xim ntawm cov khoom qab zib dawb.
Vim tias cov khoom xyaw tsw qab tau muab ntim rau hauv lub tshuaj ntsiav, kev poob dej tsis raug txwv, yog li ntawd ncua lub sijhawm khaws cia. Cov khoom xyaw tsw qab raug cais tawm ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig kom tiv thaiv qhov ua rau cov saj tsis zoo vim muaj cov yam xws li oxidation, yog li ntawd ncua lub sijhawm khaws cia ntawm cov khoom. Kev siv cov kua tsw qab ua haujlwm tsis yooj yim, tsis yooj yim sib tov sib npaug, ua rau cov dej ntawm cov khoom tsw qab ntau ntxiv, yog li cov khoom yooj yim los ua qhov tshwm sim caking, hauv cov khoom qab zib dawb yuav maj mam hloov daj, tsw qab tsuas yog ntxiv rau saum npoo, raug rau qhov chaw ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv sai, tswj lub sijhawm tsw qab luv luv, thaj chaw loj ntawm cov tsw qab sib cuag nrog huab cua, yooj yim rau oxidation, txhawb kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov saj, lub sijhawm khaws cia luv luv.